Este ensaio visual consiste em um registro do trabalho “Muragens“, inserção de vídeos curtos da Praia do Forte (Cabo Frio, RJ), realizada às vésperas do verão de 2020 em painéis de LED destinados à propaganda, na Avenida Presidente Itamar Franco — centro de Juiz de Fora, MG. "Muragens" enquanto gesto pretende acender uma discussão acerca da influência das imagens na construção da vida no espaço público. Especialmente sob contexto de isolamento social, qual é o poder da simples inserção de uma (...) paisagem como o mar, tão cobiçado nessa época do ano, sob as vidas dos frequentadores da cidade? (shrink)

O PROCEDIMENTO DE ARRECADAÇÃO DO ICMS: O CONFAZ E A REGULAÇÃO DO SERVIÇO DE TV POR ASSINATURA.

This chapter argues that the Covid-19 pandemic has exposed the limits of the mainstream individualistic notion of resilience and, in light of these limits, it advances a new, relational notion of the concept of resilience that contributes to the individuals’ well-being and takes into consideration the role of systemic inequality. The first half of the paper argues that the individualistic notion is flawed in two ways: i) it can foster ill-being because it is cognitively taxing, and ii) it discounts systemic (...) inequality because it transfers the responsibility of any achievement and failure onto the single individual without regard for conditions of oppression. The second half of the paper reconceptualizes the concept of resilience as a relational notion that takes into account structural support as well as conditions of oppression and marginalization. According to this latter notion of resilience, the chapter argues that oppression, lack of material conditions, or lack of structural support are elements that can impact the appropriateness of calls to be resilient. A relational notion of resilience fosters well-being because it puts the collective community at the center (instead of the individual) and it takes into consideration material conditions and structural injustices. (shrink)

It is certainly well accepted that formal models play a key role in scientific job. Its use goes from natural sciences like physics and even to social sciences like economics and politics. Using mathematics allows the researcher to consider more complicated scenarios involving several variables. Some models are developed to make predictions, others to describe a phenomena, or just to improve the explanation of events in the world. But what has all this to do with philosophy? The aim of the (...) present paper is to investigate debates on the role of formal models in a specific philosophical subject, precisely, the epistemology of rationality. Are we able to explain why models are needed in epistemological work? This answer will be addressed on the assumptions that epistemological theorizing is committed with normative statements. More specifically, epistemologists are concerned with normative questions about what rationality requires from epistemic agents. The first goal is to discuss some assumptions about the role of mathematical models in formal epistemology undertaking. And secondly, I will argue for the following two claims: formal models are useful tools for predicting consequences of normative assumption about what is intuitively required by rationality; and insofar rationality theory is normative in virtue of being instrumentalist and aiming at truth, formal models are means-end tools, therefore, for rationality, mathematical models are devices for maximizing truth in doxastic states. (shrink)

O ponto central deste artigo é explicar como as emoções desempenham um papel fundamental no comportamento moral dos mamíferos sociais. Entendida como um fenômeno natural, a moralidade é caracterizada como um sistema de exigências recíprocas, em que os lobos estão envolvidos desde o nascimento, e o vínculo emocional entre os membros da matilha desempenha um papel fundamental. O argumento é empiricamente informado para apresentar uma possível relação entre emoções e instintos sociais com relação à aptidão dos lobos para comportamentos sociais (...) moralmente qualificados, com base na existência de um sistema social complexo dentro da alcateia. O artigo relaciona pesquisas cognitivas sobre emoções e sistemas psicobiológicos a estudos contemporâneos em etologia de lobos para apoiar, empiricamente, a tese filosófica de que emoções surgem em resposta a uma série de eventos socialmente significativos. Assim, o objetivo é elucidar a natureza das demandas emocionais inerentes à moralidade, bem como sua relação com as características naturais que permitiram aos lobos desenvolver uma vida social complexa. Nesse sentido, o artigo pretende apresentar os elementos necessários para o surgimento de um fenômeno moral inerente aos mamíferos com vida social complexa, o que parece ser um forte argumento a favor de uma teoria que explique a moralidade em bases evolutivas. Palavras-chave: Moral. Emoções. Lobos. Emotivismo. Etologia. (shrink)

Este artigo tem como tema central o problema do fundamento das distinções morais, conforme proposto por David Hume na obra Investigações sobre os princípios da moral e, mais especificamente, o problema da motivação moral, tomando como foco o papel que as emoções e a empatia têm no comportamento em sociedade de animais de vida social complexa. No que tange a essa questão, a importância dada aos afetos pela tese humeana será relacionada com a teoria evolucionista. A fim de ilustrar esse (...) ponto, vamos utilizar o comportamento social de lobos como estudo de caso. O texto consiste, portanto, em uma apresentação comparativa, a partir de uma perspectiva humeana e evolucionista, de como o aparato afetivo natural de mamíferos sociais, neste caso homens e lobos, opera de modo a inclinar os membros dessas espécies a aprovar ou censurar comportamentos socialmente relevantes. (shrink)

A tese principal deste artigo é que emoções são parcialmente constituídas por estados corporais. No centro da discussão está a tradição James-Lange e serão estabelecidas duas premissas para identificar as abordagens mais relevantes acerca desse ponto: a Premissa de James, que será investigada a partir do trabalho do próprio autor; e a Premissa de Lange, que será investigada a partir do trabalho de Prinz. Embora se inscreva na mesma tradição, a perspectiva apresentada neste artigo diverge de ambas posições ao defender (...) uma visão sistêmica, na qual as emoções são constituídas tanto por estados periféricos corporificados quanto por estados cerebrais. A visão sistêmica parece vulnerável a duas críticas principais: de que as emoções, ao contrário de estados corporais, possuem intencionalidade; e as neurociências mapearam as bases neurais das emoções, então não há motivo para colocar fora do cérebro os componentes que as constituem. Em relação à primeira crítica, argumenta-se que as emoções não possuem intencionalidade direta, uma vez que não influenciam os comportamentos de modo específico, como objetos ou conteúdos representacionais o fazem. No tocante à segunda crítica, as conclusões das neurociências dizem menos do que aparentam acerca dos constituintes das emoções. A confusão na literatura empírica resulta da falha em distinguir corretamente emoções de desejos. Isso será realizado mediante a análise do debate entre as teorias de James-Lange para, posteriormente, mostrar como a Premissa de Lange desconstrói teorias relevantes desta posição, inclusive a sua própria. (shrink)

Due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, global economies have suffered an exogenous shock never seen before with a strong economic and psychosocial impact on organizations. Italy, in the context of the research, has been severely affected. The economic crisis has mainly affected women. In this scenario, entrepreneurial perceived success (objective and subjective) is influenced by increasingly burdensome job demands that entrepreneurs have to face up. Using the job demand-resources model, the study aims to broaden the knowledge of the (...) determinants of entrepreneurial perceived success in the current emergency moment. In particular, as regards of the demands, alongside the specific entrepreneurial demands (time demands, uncertainty and risk, and responsibility), we also decided to include the negative interface family–work in both directions from-family-to-work (NEGWIF) and from-work-to-family (NEGFIW). Regarding the resources, we considered entrepreneurial self-efficacy (researching, planning, marshaling, implementing people, and implementing financial), proactive and elaborate social strategies (SS), and both directions of the positive interface: from-family-to-work (POSWIF) and from-work-to-family (POSFIW). All participants are women entrepreneurs (N= 137) who have completed a self-report questionnaire. We explored the associations between demands, resources, and the dimensions of success through hierarchical regressions. As for the demands, time demands, uncertainty and risk, NEGWIF, and NEGFIW negatively influenced the perceived entrepreneurial success. Regarding resources, planning, implementing financial, proactive and elaborate SS positively influenced the perceived entrepreneurial success. (shrink)

Cette contribution présente l’analyse de douze bilans d’apprentissage émanant de quatre dispositifs différents de formation initiale et continue d’enseignant·es du primaire, du secondaire et de mentor·es de Suisse romande. Le cadrage théorique prend appui sur une approche historico-culturelle dans laquelle le langage sous forme écrite, met en évidence les indices que les sujets donnent à voir dans les textes réflexifs rédigés en formations initiale ou continue concernant leurs apprentissages. Les contenus mobilisés dans les textes, les systèmes de régulations proposés, les (...) postures et les positionnements revêtus dans les prises en charge énonciatives mises en exergue dans les résultats, éclairent les questions suivantes : En quoi l'écriture de textes réflexifs participe-t-elle au développement professionnel? Quelles dimensions des processus de formation cette écriture donne-t-elle à voir? Quels sont les contenus sur lesquels portent ces écrits sous forme de bilans d'apprentissage? (shrink)

In these interviews from 1982 and 1985, I ask Beauvoir about her philosophical differences with Jean-Paul Sartre on the issues of voluntarism vs social conditioning and embodiment, individualism vs reciprocity, and ontology vs ethics. We also discuss her influence on Sartre's work, the problems with the current English translation of The Second Sex, her analyses of motherhood and feminist concepts of woman-identity, and her own experience of sexism.

Questo lavoro si propone di indagare le occorrenze del lessico femminile, in particolare γυνή e μήτηρ, nel Timeo, per far emergere la posizione di Platone riguardo alle donne che si può evincere dall’ermeneutica dei passi esaminati. Bisogna considerare anche i problemi relativi all’interpretazione degli scritti di Platone, come le strutture argomentative di cui si serve e la complessità di alcuni concetti. Le occorrenze nel Timeo, sebbene non numerose, sono contenutisticamente significative, data la natura di questo dialogo che si propone di (...) identificare la posizione e il ruolo nel cosmo dell’uomo e della sua anima. Nel prologo del Timeo, come anche nella Repubblica, Platone esprime posizioni più aperte riguardo al ruolo sociale delle donne; invece in altri passi, come quelli che trattano della trasmigrazione delle anime, Platone si serve di immagini relative alle donne per aiutare i suoi ascoltatori a comprendere questioni molto complesse. Tali immagini, per essere comprensibili, devono rispecchiare l’idea riguardo alle donne comune al tempo di Platone. (shrink)

The aim of this paper is to examine the implications of Plato’s use of the term stoicheion, since his awareness of stoicheion’s polysemy reveals his view of the origin, the complexity and, at the same time, the order of reality. Moreover, his use of stoicheion allowed him both to inherit and to detach himself from his predecessors. I begin by presenting the history of the notion of stoicheion; then, since one of the meanings of stoicheion is ‘letter of the alphabet’, (...) I focus on the Cratylus, which contains the first of several passages where Plato employs the alphabet as a paradigm for the structure of a complex system. Finally, I turn to the Theaetetus, where Plato, for the first time, uses stoicheion in the sense of ‘element’ and where, through the relation letters/syllables, Plato clarifies that enumeration and juxtaposition are not sufficient to attain the real knowledge. I will argue that only thanks to these steps can we understand the occurrences of stoicheion in the Timaeus, where Plato first states that air, earth, fire and water are not stoicheia tou pantos, and then reveals that, instead, the basic triangles are ‘the elements of the universe’. (shrink)

Between November 11 and 13, 2009, the conference Dal logos dei Greci e dei Romani al logos di Dio was held at the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore(in Milan) in memory of Marta Sordi. The meeting is part of a multi-year project of dialogue and analysis exploring philosophical, religious, historical and political issues that were as widespread in classical and late antiquity as they are currently of concern in contemporary debate. The meeting explored the word logos, that has his roots (...) in the classical world before being adopted and used by Christianity as its own. The following report includes references from all participants’ papers. (shrink)

This work aims to investigate the occurrences of the female lexicon, in particular γυνή and μήτηρ, in the Timaeus, to bring out Plato's position regarding women that can be deduced from the hermeneutics of the examined passages. It is necessary to consider all the problems related to Plato's writings, including the argumentative structures used and the complexity of some concepts. The occurrences in the Timaeus, although not numerically conspicuous, are significant in terms of content, given the very nature of this (...) dialogue, which aims to identify the position and role of man and his soul in the cosmos. In Timaeus’ Prologue, such as in the Republic, Plato expresses more open positions regarding the social role of women; instead in other passages, such as those dealing with the transmigration of souls, Plato uses images relating to women to help his listeners to understand very complex issues. These images, to be understandable, have to be adequate to the idea about women common to Plato’s time. (shrink)

Contents: "Analysis of Claude Bernard's Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine," "Two Unpublished Chapters from She Came to Stay," "Pyrrhus and Cineas," "A Review of The Phenomenology of Perception by Maurice Merleau-Ponty," "Moral Idealism and Political Realism," "Existentialism and Popular Wisdom," "Jean-Paul Sartre," "An Eye for an Eye," "Literature and Metaphysics," "Introduction to an Ethics of Ambiguity," "An Existentialist Looks at Americans," and "What is Existentialism?".

New translations tracing decades of Beauvoir's leftist political engagement during the turbulent era of decolonization, from articles exposing conditions in fascist Spain and Portugal in 1945 and hard hitting attacks on right-wing intellectuals in the 1950s, to a 1962 defense of an Algerian freedom fighter, Djamila Boupacha, and a 1975 article calling for the 'two state solution' in Israel. The texts range from a surprising 1952 defense of the misogynistic 18th c. pornographer, the Marquis de Sade, to the transcription of (...) a co-written 1974 documentary film on the aged in France. (shrink)

Emotional content has complex effects on false memory. Under certain circumstances, emotional material may reduce the likelihood of false memory, a phenomenon that some consider related to it being...